Google’s Search Algorithm and Facts that Rules the Web

Google is rules the internet with it holds a commanding 65 percent market share, 620 million visitors visit Google.com daily, and is still the only company whose name is synonymous with the verb search. Want to know how Google is about to change your life? It is here, at the Mountain View, California, headquarters of the world's most powerful Internet company, that a room filled with three dozen engineers, product managers, and executives figure out how to make their search engine even smarter. This year, Google will introduce 550 or so improvements to its fabled algorithm, and each will be determined at a gathering just like this one. The decisions made at the weekly Search Quality Launch Meeting will wind up affecting the results you get when you use Google’s search engine to look for anything, which just happens to share its name with this conference room. Google’s search algorithm is a work that always in progress, constantly tweaked and refined to return higher-quality results for users. Here are some of the most significant additions and adaptations since the dawn of PageRank. 

The story of Google’s algorithm begins with PageRank, the system invented in 1997 by co-founder Larry Page while he was a grad student at Stanford. Page’s now legendary insight was to rate pages based on the number and importance of links that pointed to them, to use the collective intelligence of the Web itself to determine which sites were most relevant. It was a simple and powerful concept, and as Google quickly became the most successful search engine on the Web, Page and cofounder Sergey Brin credited PageRank as their company’s fundamental innovation. 
For a Web search, which is a multipart process, 1st Google crawls the Web to collect the contents of every accessible site. This data is broken down into an index (organized by word, just like the index of a textbook), a way of finding any page based on its content. Every time a user types a query, the index is combed for relevant pages, returning a list that commonly numbers in millions. The trickiest part, though, is the ranking process, determining which of those pages belong at the top of the list. 

Google's:  
 Backrub [September 1997]
This search engine, which had run on Stanford’s servers for almost two years, is renamed Google. Its breakthrough innovation: ranking searches based on the number and quality of incoming links.


New algorithm [August 2001]
The search algorithm is completely revamped to incorporate additional ranking criteria more easily.

Local connectivity analysis [February 2003]
Google’s first patent is granted for this feature, which gives more weight to links from authoritative sites.

Fritz [Summer 2003]
This initiative allows Google to update its index constantly, instead of in big batches. 
Personalized results [June 2005]
Users can choose to let Google mine their own search behavior to provide individualized results.

Bigdaddy [December 2005]Engine update allows for more-comprehensive Web crawling.
 
Universal Search [May 2007]
Building on Image Search, Google News, and Book Search, the new Universal Search allows users to get links to any medium on the same results page.

Real-Time Search [December 2009]
Displays results from Twitter and blogs as they are published.
 
Some Google Facts: 
620 million visitors visit Google.com daily.
Google processes 20 Petabyte of information daily.
As of December 2009, Google’s assets were valued at $40.5 billion97% of Google Revenue comes from their advertising services.
Google has a total of 19,835 employees worldwide out of which 37% are in sales and marketing and 37.5% in research and development.
45% of Google products are in beta.57% of the top 10,000 websites use Google Analytics to track users.
20 hours of videos are uploaded to YouTube every minute.
There are about 146 million Gmail users.
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